ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Base64_UrlSafe::doEncode

    protected static function doEncode($src, $pad = true)
    {
        $dest = '';
        $srcLen = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util::strlen($src);
        // Main loop (no padding):
        for ($i = 0; $i + 3 <= $srcLen; $i += 3) {
            /** @var array<int, int> $chunk */
            $chunk = unpack('C*', ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util::substr($src, $i, 3));
            $b0 = $chunk[1];
            $b1 = $chunk[2];
            $b2 = $chunk[3];

            $dest .=
                self::encode6Bits(               $b0 >> 2       ) .
                self::encode6Bits((($b0 << 4) | ($b1 >> 4)) & 63) .
                self::encode6Bits((($b1 << 2) | ($b2 >> 6)) & 63) .
                self::encode6Bits(  $b2                     & 63);
        }
        // The last chunk, which may have padding:
        if ($i < $srcLen) {
            /** @var array<int, int> $chunk */
            $chunk = unpack('C*', ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util::substr($src, $i, $srcLen - $i));
            $b0 = $chunk[1];
            if ($i + 1 < $srcLen) {
                $b1 = $chunk[2];
                $dest .=
                    self::encode6Bits($b0 >> 2) .
                    self::encode6Bits((($b0 << 4) | ($b1 >> 4)) & 63) .
                    self::encode6Bits(($b1 << 2) & 63);
                if ($pad) {
                    $dest .= '=';
                }
            } else {
                $dest .=
                    self::encode6Bits( $b0 >> 2) .
                    self::encode6Bits(($b0 << 4) & 63);
                if ($pad) {
                    $dest .= '==';
                }
            }
        }
        return $dest;
    }